10 Nitrogen Facts Learn About Element Atomic Number 7

You breathe oxygen, yet the air we inhale is mostly nitrogen. You need nitrogen to live and encounter it in the foods you eat and in many common chemicals. Here are some quick facts and detailed information about this crucially important element. Fast Facts: Nitrogen Element Name: NitrogenElement Symbol: NAtomic Number: 7Atomic Weight: 14.006Appearance: Nitrogen is an odorless, flavorless, transparent gas under ordinary temperatures and pressure.Classification: Nonmetal (Pnictogen)Electron Configuration:  [He] 2s2  2p3 Nitrogen is atomic number 7, which means each nitrogen atom has 7 protons. Its element symbol is N. Nitrogen is odorless, tasteless, and colorless gas at room temperature and pressure. Its atomic weight is 14.0067.Nitrogen gas (N2) makes up 78.1% of the volume of the Earths air. Its the most common uncombined (pure) element on Earth. Its estimated to be the 5th or  7th most abundant element in the Solar System and Milky Way (present in much lower amounts than hydrogen, helium, and oxygen, so its hard to get a hard figure). While the gas is common on Earth, its not so abundant on other planets. For example, nitrogen gas is found in the atmosphere of Mars at levels of about 2.6 percent.Nitrogen is a nonmetal. Like other elements in this group, it is a poor conductor of heat and electricity and lacks metallic luster in solid form.Nitrogen gas is relatively inert, but soil bacteria can fix nitrogen into a form that plants and animals can use to make amino acids and proteins.The French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier named nitrogen azote, meaning without life. The name became nitrogen, which derives from the Greek word nitron, which means native soda and genes, which means forming. Credit for the discovery of the element is generally given to Daniel Rutherford, who found it could be separated from air in 1772.Nitrogen was sometimes referred to as burnt or dephlogisticated air, since air that no longer contains oxygen is almost all nitrogen. The other gases in air are present in much lower concentrations.Nitrogen compounds are found in foods, fertilizers, poisons, and explosives. Your body is 3% nitrogen by weight.  All living organisms contain this element.Nitrogen is responsible for the orange-red, blue-green, blue-violet, and deep violet colors of the aurora.One way to prepare nitrogen gas is by liquefaction and fractional distillation from the atmosphere. Liquid nitrogen boils at  77 K (−196  °C, −321  Ã‚ °F). Nitrogen  freezes at 63 K ( -210.01  °C).Liquid nitrogen is a cryogenic fluid, capable of freezing skin on contact. While the Leidenfrost effect protects skin from very brief exposure (less than one second), ingesting liquid nitrogen can cause severe injury. When liquid nitrogen is used to make ice cream, the nitrogen vaporizes. However, the liquid nitrogen is used to produce fog in cocktails, there is a real danger of ingesting the liquid. Damage occurs from pressure generated by expanding gas as well as from the cold temperature.Nitrogen has a valence of 3 or 5. It forms negatively charged ions (anions) that readily react with other nonmetals to form covalent bonds.Saturns largest moon, Titan, is the only moon in the solar system with a dense atmosphere. Its atmosphere consists of over 98% nitrogen.Nitrogen gas is used as a nonflammable protective atmosphere. The liquid form of the element is used to remove warts, as a computer coolant, and for cryogenics. Nitrogen is part of many important compounds, such as nitrous oxide, nitroglycerin, nitric acid, and ammonia. The triple bond nitrogen forms with other nitrogen atoms is extremely strong and releases considerable energy when broken, which is why it is so valuable in explosives and also strong materials such as Kevlar and cyanoacrylate glue (super glue).Decompression sickness, commonly known as the bends, occurs when reduced pressure causing nitrogen gas bubbles to form in the bloodstream and organs. Sources Liquid nitrogen cocktail leaves teen in hospital, BBC News, October 8, 2012.  Meija, J.; et al. (2016). Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91.Neptune: Moons: Triton. NASA. Archived from the original on October 5, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2018.Priestley, Joseph (1772). Observations on different kinds of air.  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.  62: 147–256.  Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). The discovery of the elements. IV. Three important gases. Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (2): 215.

Iliad and Odyssey - 1825 Words

The views and beliefs of societies are often portrayed in the literature, art, and cinema of a certain era. The epic poems, The Iliad and Odyssey, give scholars and historians an idea how the Ancient Greek lived their everyday lives. By reading the two novels, the reader is able to experience the three thousand years old society of Homer. The various similarities between our society and the societies depicted in the Iliad and the Odyssey are surprising profuse. To name a few: the superfluous violence in Iliad and Odyssey, the characterization of Odysseus, the obscure use of narcotics, the similarities between Catholicism and certain stories of the Odyssey, and the role of pets and animals. Despite the numerous similarities,†¦show more content†¦The first time that I noticed the use of narcotics in the Odyssey, was in the country of the Lotus-Eaters. The inhabitants of this country were nice but somewhat odd. They had a bizarre plant that when eaten by seamen; it would quickly cause memory loss and laziness. In our society, there are countless drugs that effect your memory and our will to survive. Usually the people that are using them are nice but somewhat odd. In the homeland of Circe, many of men were turned into swine by the magical wand of Circe. Odysseus survived because he had a mysterious herb called moly, which he received from Hermes. The similarity between the beliefs of Catholicism, the Bible and the Wandering of Odysseus. I believe, as do many other scholars and student that Odysseus s encounter with the Sirens as the first series of tests which he must pass to demonstrate that he is worthy of the rebirth that he has gone through and the exalted vision he will be granted when he arrives at the Land of Phaeacians. I do not know much about the Catholic religion, but the concept of confessing your sins and then being cleared of them seems like the tests that Odysseus went through. In book XII, Odysseus experiences the tempt ation, the crime, and the punishment; a strong resemblance to the story of Adam and Eve. When Odysseus and his men land on the island where Hyperion, the sun God, keptShow MoreRelatedThe Iliad And The Odyssey1060 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Hateful to me as the gates of Hades is that man who hides one thing in his heart and speaks another.† (The Iliad pg.405) The quote is relevant to the stories Homer created during the period of the Trojan War. Homer orally performed two of his best works The Iliad and The Odyssey. Homer’s stories are old and probably translated differently than their original telling. Homer’s The Iliad and The Odyssey still show the basic human emotions and are an inspiration to other authors, poets, and oral presentersRead MoreThe Iliad and the Odyssey1510 Words   |  7 Pages The Iliad and the Odyssey are two classic stories told by Homer. Within these two stories the roles of the gods are very important to the story line and how they a ffect the characters throughout. In the Iliad, more gods are involved with the characters whereas in the Odyssey there are only two major gods that affect two major characters. The roles of the gods in the Iliad are through two different stances of immortal versus immortal and mortal versus immortal. The roles of the gods in the OdysseyRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1317 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout The Iliad and The Odyssey, both Achilles and Odysseus go through intense acts of heroism, internal and external hardships, and fluctuations in confidence. During the epic, The Odyssey, the main character, Odysseus, has to endure many hardships which show. He has to show tremendous amounts of heroism and confidence just to keep his crew and himself alive. He has to rival and face many gods that despise him along with many humans. This theme can also be reflected from Homer’s The Iliad, where theRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1297 Words   |  6 Pages2. The Iliad and the Odyssey were written by a poet or poets known as Homer. They were stories written about heroes in Mycenaeans times. Homer focused on one important event to base the stories after, the Trojan War. The story was about Paris Prince of Troy, taking Helen of Sparta from her husband. A war started to get Helen back to her husband because her husbands honor was hurt. The story told in the Odyssey is one of the king of Ithaca trying to return to his wife and son after being gone forRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey977 Words   |  4 Pagesplot or storyline, or the theme of the myth. Homer’s The Iliad and The Odyssey are two prime examples of this. Within both epics, the gods constantly intervene in the lives and situations of the characters, molding them to the desired outcome. Without the influence of the gods in either of the epics, however, the ending might have been very different. There was a great deal more divine intervention in The Iliad in comparison to The Odyssey, however, as there were more godly characters in that textRead MoreThe Odyssey And The Iliad1060 Words   |  5 PagesHomer was one of the first great authors in Western culture. He was known for creating the two Greek epics The Odyssey and The Iliad, which. The Odyssey tells of the ten-year journey by Odysseus to Ithica from Troy to be reunited with his beloved wife. The Odyssey was written in a with illustrative language. The Iliad was written in a. It depicted the end of the Trojan War and the siege of Troy. This event occurred centuries before Homer was assumed to have been born. Although both epics were writtenRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1599 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Iliad and The Odyssey, Homer has different portrayals of the roles that women play in each epic. These d ifferences are so striking that some readers have even argued that there is a possibility that a woman could have created The Odyssey, modeled after Homer’s Iliad. In The Iliad we see women represented as war prizes and slaves, vulnerabilities to men, and in positions of limited power. In The Odyssey however, we see women capturing men and keeping them as prizes, rising from a status ofRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1657 Words   |  7 Pagesduring the Greek Dark Ages was Homer, who I believe was the most influential writer of his time, and a writer who had truly made an impact on the evolution of Greek Culture following the Dark Ages. Two of Homer’s most famous poems were the Iliad and the Odyssey, which were Ancient Greek epic poems which covered a couple of weeks during the Trojan War. Although there were plenty of influential authors inspired by the Trojan war, Homer was by far the most influential; Nevertheless, This paper arguesRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odys sey1730 Words   |  7 Pagesonce said â€Å"In youth and beauty, wisdom is but rare!† a very relatable quote to the story of the Iliad. But who exactly is Homer? For starters, Homer was a poet who lived from 800 B.C.E and died in 701 B.C.E. He was from Greece, and to be specific he had lived somewhere along the coast of Asia Minor according to biography.com. Also, he is most famous for his epic poems which were The Iliad and The Odyssey. Now as for whether he truly existed or not is still quite a mystery. Some scholars â€Å"believe himRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1498 Words   |  6 PagesAn Influential Poem The Iliad is a poem that provides important stories with insight into early human society. It was an ancient story written centuries ago about two civilizations that battled against each other. â€Å"The Iliad tells the story of the clash of two great civilizations, and the effects of war on both the winners and losers† (Homer 222). In addition to its influence on Greek poetry, the Iliad is a great Homeric epic that has long helped shape critical schools of thought. It is not

Stakeholder Mapping Free Essays

Introduction Amazon is one of the first few companies that benefited the most from the early mover advantages in the dot com bubble in the early 2000s. It an online retailer that makes use of cloud computing to practice an integrated business model that allows it to function effectively in the advance, complex and ever increasing internet industry. Being a large company, Amazon has to address various underlying stakeholders (Saunders, 2001). We will write a custom essay sample on Stakeholder Mapping or any similar topic only for you Order Now Prime stakeholders that Amazon has to look after are: board of directors, investors, employees, customers, strategic partners and suppliers. Each stakeholder is not only affected by the company’s performance but in turn affects the company’s strategic decision making as well. The paper discusses the specific interests that each stakeholder has associated with the company and based on the objectives of the company, maps them on the Power Interests Matrix. The paper also examines in the light of the case of Amazon, how corporate social responsibility affects organisational strategy. Stakeholder Interests and Stakeholder Mapping Amazon’s stakeholder comprise of the board of directors, investors, employees, customers, strategic partners and suppliers. The Directors and Senior Management The board of directors and investors expect the company to grow and make more profits. The board of directors and the management expect to enhance the customer innovation and add cost efficiency in the business model that could boost the level o profits acquired (Spector, 2000). Employees The employees expect to secure jobs, make higher salaries and see the company grow that could aid in their career development (Saunders, 2001). Strategic Supply Chain Partners On the other hand, the strategic partners and suppliers expect the company to grow and expand so that they could benefit in return from higher sales of their products; higher returns form the company and gain the benefits from brand association with the company (Saunders, 2001). Customers Customers expect high quality products at cheaper prices from the retailers. They seek secure transactions, and ease of purchase. They expect their information to remain confidential and the website to conduct fair business practice with them at all times and address to their complaints and issues with the products promptly (Spector, 2000). Community Community constitutes the publics that are concerned with social well-being and social development (Spector, 2000). On the stakeholder map, community is low power and low interest. Amazon is, nonetheless, accountable for its carbon footprint especially with regard to the material used and disposed in packaging of the goods delivered to the customers and the means of transportation used. With the increasing green purchasing habits of customer, Amazon is now considering the impact that being responsible for the environment is crucial for the profitability of the company. Thus, this makes community a key stakeholder, considering the present situations, wherein, it constitutes high power and high interest with regard to responsible purchasers (Godelnik, 2011). Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Strategy Amazon takes community and environmental issues as least prior in making strategies. However, analysts and publics alike have raised ample concerns for the carbon footprint of Amazon in the making of Kindle and the packaging and delivery of the products customers buy online from the Amazon e-store. A source of concern is the fact that Amazon is yet to disclose its environmental impact reports. Such concerns are putting Amazon in a negative place in the minds of the ‘responsible’ consumers and thus, shaping a bad public image of the company. In order to avoid extenuating circumstances, Amazon will have to publish a CSR report in order to disclose its environmental impacts. This calls for taking into account the carbon footprint of the company and going ‘green.’ Thus, this indicates that CSR does not primarily affect the company but the company has stepped into a position where it will have to shape its strategy round CSR issues as a response to public appeal (Godelnik, 2011). Conclusion The stakeholders of Amazon are managers, directors, strategic partners, employees, customers and community, wherein, key are customers and community at the time. In line with environmental pressures, Amazon is most likely to be affected with social responsibility and will have to shape its corporate strategy to disclose its carbon footprint and go green to suit its responsible customers’ demands and make good its public image. References Saunders, R. (2001). Business: The Amazon.com. Capstone Publishing Limited Spector, R. (2000). Amazon.com: Get Big Fast. Harper Collins Godelnik, R. (2011). Why Amazon Needs to Come Clean about its Carbon Footprint. Triple Pundit. Available at http://www.triplepundit.com/2011/05/amazon-carbon-footprint/ Accessed 29 June 2012. How to cite Stakeholder Mapping, Essay examples

Chad-Cameroon Oil Pipeline free essay sample

Although significant oil reserves have been found in the early 1970s, these could not be developed because: 1- Chad is a landlocked country with limited domestic demand; 2- civil war prevented the creation of a stable investment environment and caused the departure of several investors. Since peace was established in 1990, investors and the World Bank returned to Chad for developing its oil reserves. In order to justify the large investment, access to the world market was sought via a pipeline through Cameroon, which is also a relatively poor country that can benefit from the investment and transit revenues. The World Bank has been supporting natural resource extraction based development around the world and, in particular, in Africa as the primary driver for economic growth and poverty reduction in these countries. But, the Bank has also been heavily criticized for failing to achieve these goals as the revenues from resource development do not reach the majority of the society. We will write a custom essay sample on Chad-Cameroon Oil Pipeline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the Chad-Cameroon pipeline and oil development in Chad, the Bank and the companies are following a novel partnership and revenue management approach. How is the project financing different? How will this new approach work? Will Chad and Cameroon benefit from this approach? Background1 Upon getting its independence from France in 1960, Chad has been involved in 30 years of civil war. The peace was finally restored in 1990, and the country drifted towards multiparty democracy, until rebellion broke out again in the north of the country. In January 2002 peace treaty was signed confirming de jure reign of northern ethnicity. Chad is one of the least developed nations on earth with GNI per capita of around $200. Republic of Chad is ranked 165th of 175 countries in UN’s Survival Ranking. The agricultural sector accounts for 36% of Chad’s GDP. Cotton exports account for 50% of foreign currency earnings. Chad’s government is concerned about this dependence on cotton and wants to diversify its economy in order to mitigate vulnerability associated with volatility of the international price of cotton. Chad’s only significant natural resources are oil deposits. Being independent since 1960, Cameroon has developed a rather stable political system, based on ethnic oligopoly. Despite of vast natural resource base (including oil, natural gas and aluminum) the country is one of the poorest in the world, with GNI per capita of roughly $600 in 2002. According to World Bank classification Cameroon is an HIPC (heavily indebted poor country) with total debt of $4. 9 billion and outstanding short-term debt over $950 million. Cameroon is in Top-15 countries with highest HIV rate (around 12%) and in Top-30 infant mortality rate. Economic and social development information on this section comes from the World Bank web site, CIA Fact Book, and U. N. Human Development Report. Â © Center for Energy Economics. No reproduction, distribution or attribution without permission. Chad-Cameroon Pipeline 1 1 Case Study From Since 1990, being faced with a fall in GDP due to unfavorable prices on major exported goods; Cameroon has been engaged in several World Bank and IMF programs, aimed at poverty reduction and acceleration of economic growth. As a result annual GDP growth averaged 2. 1% through 1990-2001, compared to 3. 4% in 1980s. Oil Development Conoco became the first foreign oil company to undertake significant oil exploration in Chad with acquisition of the Chad Permit H concession in 1969. Between 1973 and 1975, oil was discovered in varying amounts in the Doba, Doseo, and Lake Chad basins, that led to the creation of a multinational consortium comprising Conoco (12. 5% and operator), Royal Dutch/Shell (37. 5%), Exxon (25%), and Chevron (25%). In 1981 all the exploration projects were stopped due to escalating civil war. In 1988 a convention was signed between the government of Chad and the consortium, granting exploration permit with term of validity until early 2004. Conoco withdrew from the project, and Exxon took over operations, discovering the Bolobo field in 1989 with estimated 135 million barrels of reserves. 3 Chevron, in its turn, sold its share (20% interest in the Block H hydrocarbon license containing the three fields) to Elf Aquitaine, in 1993.